Anterior scalenes

Meaning

antero = in front
scalene = uneven, unequal
anterior scalene bends neck

Function

flexes & bends neck
elevates 1^st rib

Origin

transverse processes of C3 - 6

Insertion

proturbence of 1^st rib

spaceholder

_________________________

Levator scapulae

Meaning

levator = lift
scapula = shoulder,
shoulder blade

Function

elevates (and rotates)
scapula

Origin

transverse processes
of C1 - 4

Insertion

middle of upper scapula border
femoral condyle

_________________________

Meaning

platysma = flat plate

Function

depresses mandible and
lower face (mouth - frowning)

Origin

lower neck and
upper chest

Insertion

lower jaw,
skin of lower face and
angles of mouth

_________________________

Sternohyoid

Meaning

sternon = flat surface
(breast, chest, breastbone)
hyoid = shaped like a 'U'

Function

depressess hyoid bone

Origin

right & left sternohoid
attach the hyoid bone to sternum

Insertion

small mandible border
and lower face
(corners of mouth)

_________________________

Sternocleidomasto

Meaning

sternon = flat surface (breast, chest, breastbone)
cleido = clavicle
mastos = breast shaped

Function

flexes & rotates
cervical spine,
helps elongate (stretch) neck

Origin

manubrium and middle
third of clavicle

Insertion

mastoid process and
nuchal (nape of neck) line

_________________________

Buccinator

Meaning

bucca = cheek

Function

helps with chewing and
closing mouth,
tenses cheeks (whistling)

Origin

jawbone, sphenoid (front of skull)

Insertion

angle of mouth extending
through orbicularis oris

_________________________

Depressor anguli oris

Meaning

de = from or away
press = squeeze (down)
anguli = angle, corner, apex
oris = mouth, opening

Function

depresses mouth
pulls corners back &
down (frown)

Origin

mandible

Insertion

angle of mouth

_________________________

Depressor labii inferioris

Meaning

de = from or away
press = squeeze (down)
labii = lip
inferior = lower

Function

depresses lower kip

Origin

mandible

Insertion

skin of lower lip

_________________________

Frontalis

Meaning

front = fore

Function

wrinkles forehead
(raises eyebrows)

Origin

mastoid process,
upper facial muscles

Insertion

fibrous tissue of forehead

_________________________

Levator labii superioris

Meaning

levator = lift
labii = lip
superior = above

Function

elevates upper lip

Origin

lower eye socket

Insertion

upper lip

_________________________

Masseter

Meaning

masseter = the chewer

Function

elevates mandible
(pulls lower jaw upwards)

Origin

maxilla
(upper jaw)

Insertion

lower jaw extensions

_________________________

Mentalis

Meaning

mentum = chin

Function

elevates chin,
protrudes lower lip

Origin

jaw fossa

Insertion

skin of chin

_________________________

Nasalis

   Meaning

nasalis = nose

Function

opens & closes nostrils

Origin

upper jaw

Insertion

fibrous tissue of nose

_________________________

Occipitalis

Meaning

occipitus = back of skull

Function

'pulls scalp back'
helps wrinkle forehead

Origin

protrudence of occipital
and temporal bone

Insertion

fibrous tissue of forehead

_________________________

Orbicularis oculi

Meaning

orbis = circle or disk
ulus (ularis) = little
oculus = eye
little circle of the eye

Function

closes eyelids, helps occular drainage

Origin

eye socket and
lacrimal sac

Insertion

frontal ridge of eyelid

_________________________

Orbicularis oris

Meaning

orbis = circle or disk
ulus (ularis) = little
oris = mouth, opening
little circle of the mouth

Function

closes mouth
purses & puckers lips

Origin

upper & lower jaw

Insertion

lips

_________________________

Temporalis

Meaning

tempus = time
covers 'time bone'

Function

moves lower jaw up & down
and side-to-side

Origin

temporal fossa

Insertion

coronoid process of lower jaw

_________________________

Zygomaticus major

Meaning

zygon = yoke
major = greater

Function

draws mouth angles up and out

Origin

zygomatic bone

Insertion

angles of mouth

_________________________

Zygomaticus minor

   Meaning

zygon = yoke
minor = lesser

Function

draws upper lip back, up and out

Origin

lower eye socket

Insertion

upper lip

_________________________

Inferior oblique

Meaning

inferior = lower, farther down
oblique = slanting

Function

elevates eye
moving it up and away
from nose

Origin

upper jaw

Insertion

lower quarter in back
of outer layer of eyeball

_________________________

Inferior rectus

Meaning

inferior = lower, farther down
rectus = straight

Function

depresses eye
moving it up, down and
in towards nose

Origin

lower ring of eyeball

Insertion

lower part in back
of outer layer of eyeball

_________________________

Lateral rectus

Meaning

latteral = belonging to the side
rectus = straight

Function

abducts eye

Origin

lower ring of eyeball

Insertion

lower part in back
of outer layer of eyeball

_________________________

Medial rectus

Meaning

medial = middle, between
rectus = straight

Function

adducts eye

Origin

lower ring of eyeball

Insertion

lower part in back
of outer layer of eyeball

_________________________

Superior oblique

Meaning

superior = higher, upper
oblique = slanting

Function

internal rotation
depresses eye adduction
rotates in abduction

Origin

sphenoid

Insertion

upper quarter in back
of outer layer of eyeball

_________________________

Superior rectus

Meaning

superior = higher, upper
rectus = straight

Function

elevates eye
rotates in adduction

Origin

upper ring of eyeball

Insertion

upper part in back
of outer layer of eyeball